Whole Tone Scale: A Comprehensive Guide

The whole tone scale, also known as the diatonic semitone scale, is a musical scale that consists of six notes, each separated by a semitone interval. It is a unique and intriguing scale that has been used in various musical genres and compositions. In this article, we will delve into the details of the whole tone scale, exploring its history, structure, and applications.

History of the Whole Tone Scale

The whole tone scale has its roots in ancient music theory. It was first mentioned in the writings of the Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who believed that the whole tone scale was the most harmonious of all scales. Over time, the scale has been used in various musical traditions, including classical, jazz, and avant-garde music.

One of the most notable uses of the whole tone scale is in the compositions of the French composer Claude Debussy. Debussy’s use of the scale in his works, such as “Clair de Lune,” has helped to popularize the whole tone scale in the classical music world.

Structure of the Whole Tone Scale

The whole tone scale is a hexatonic scale, meaning it consists of six notes. The scale is constructed by starting on any note and moving up a semitone until the scale is complete. The following table shows the intervals between the notes in a whole tone scale:

Interval	Number of Semitones
Whole Tone	2
Whole Tone	2
Whole Tone	2
Whole Tone	2
Whole Tone	2

As you can see, the whole tone scale consists of six whole tones, which is why it is also known as the diatonic semitone scale. The scale is symmetrical, meaning that the intervals between the notes are the same in both directions.

Applications of the Whole Tone Scale

The whole tone scale has a distinct sound that is often described as eerie, dissonant, or otherworldly. This unique sound has made the scale popular in various musical genres and compositions.

In classical music, the whole tone scale is often used to create tension and release, as seen in Debussy’s compositions. The scale can also be used to create a sense of ambiguity and unpredictability, as it lacks a clear tonal center.

In jazz, the whole tone scale is used to create a modern and avant-garde sound. Jazz musicians often use the scale to improvise over dominant seventh chords, creating a unique and complex harmonic progression.

In avant-garde music, the whole tone scale is used to explore the boundaries of musical expression. Composers such as John Cage and Karlheinz Stockhausen have used the scale to create compositions that challenge traditional musical conventions.

Practical Tips for Using the Whole Tone Scale

When using the whole tone scale in your music, it is important to consider the following tips:

Start by playing the scale in ascending and descending order to familiarize yourself with its sound.
Experiment with different rhythms and dynamics to create a unique sound.
Use the scale to create tension and release in your compositions.
Combine the whole tone scale with other scales and modes to create a rich and complex harmonic palette.

By incorporating these tips, you can effectively use the whole tone scale to enhance your musical compositions and improvisations.

Conclusion

The whole tone scale is a fascinating and versatile musical tool that has been used by composers and musicians for centuries. Its unique sound and structure make it a valuable addition to any musician’s toolkit. By understanding the history, structure, and applications of the whole tone scale, you can effectively incorporate it into your own musical creations.